By Benjamin E. Byard and Anton K. Schindler
Early-age cracking in bridge decks is a severe problem that may reduce functional life of the
structure. In this project, the effect of using lightweight aggregate on the cracking tendency of
bridge deck concrete was evaluated by cracking frame testing techniques. Cracking frames
measure the development of stresses due to thermal and autogenous shrinkage effects from
setting until the onset of cracking. Expanded shale, clay, and slate lightweight coarse and fine
aggregates were used to produce internal curing, sand-lightweight, and all-lightweight
concretes to compare their behavior relative to a normalweight concrete in a bridge deck
application. Specimens were tested under isothermal curing conditions and match-cured
conditions that simulate summer and fall placement scenarios.